Light Pollution - 1702 Words

There is a growing menace in today’s society known as light pollution. Light pollution is essentially excessive light from outside lighting fixtures that is misused and causes several negative effects. This increasing and perplexing issue is often magnified by industrialization and urban development which often neglects to consider the momentous problems light pollution causes. Despite serious efforts to minimize light pollution, â€Å"†¦light pollution rises about 6% every year† (Parks 30). One should know what light pollution entails, the adverse effects and costs of light pollution, ways it can be minimized, and how to appeal to the general public to help alleviate the problem. In more complex terms, light pollution is known as obtrusive†¦show more content†¦Birds often collide with lighted buildings and veer from their migratory courses due to light pollution. Even insects are impacted from light pollution because artificial lights may cause them to stay in close proximity to that light for the whole duration of the night. An insect therefore â€Å"expends too much energy and interferes with mating and migration†¦makes them easy prey for bats†¦and impacts all species who rely on insects for food or pollination† (â€Å"Light Pollution and Wildlife†). Overall, wildlife suffers at the expense of light polluters. Light pollution has also been linked to causing negative health and safety implications for humans. Blue light strains the eye making it more difficult for one to focus on an object because blue light scatters in one’s eyes similar to how it scatters in the atmosphere (â€Å"Light Pollution and Human Health†). The types of lighting individuals expose their eyes to impacts their vision which becomes more noticeable in later years. Light pollution frequently causes â€Å"disability glare† when an individual is driving and causes temporary blindness creating a hazard for all those on the roadway. Comparable to many species ofShow MoreRelatedLight Pollution3142 Words   |  13 PagesLight pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changedRead MoreThe Problem of Light Pollution1613 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches in design reduce the problem of light pollution? Research question How can new approaches in design reduce the problem of light pollution? Background In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution. Light pollution is the pollution caused by misplaced artificial light. It is a rapidly increasing environmental problem. In the urban landscape that we live in, light pollution can have implications for the visualRead More light pollution Essay3074 Words   |  13 Pages Light pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changedRead MoreLight Pollution And The Problems It Creates1595 Words   |  7 PagesLight Pollution and the Problems it Creates Sci-fi Synopsis: The year is 2258, and in an effort to keep up with the increase in population and industrialization, artificial light has increased to the point where one can no longer tell the difference between night and day, since it is always daytime somewhere in the world. The public have long since forgotten about the sun and the stars. People must initiate certain protocols in their homes in order to gain the dark necessary for sleep. One nightRead MoreLight Pollution And Its Effects On Health1544 Words   |  7 Pages Most people have heard of air pollution, water pollution, and many kinds of pollution like them. Issues like these are covered extensively in the media and are targeted by many environmental groups. In fact, many of these issues play significant roles in political elections. Though these kinds of pollution are widely known, there is another type of pollution that receives far less attention. Few environmental groups mention it, and many members of the general public have not e ven heard of it. HoweverRead MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On Humans And The World1307 Words   |  6 PagesWhen someone thinks of pollution, they most likely think of toxins and contamination in bodies of water and in the air. While these familiar types of pollution are large problems, there is a lesser known variety of pollution involving excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive light that is just as large of an issue. This variety of pollution is called light pollution or photo pollution. The effects of light pollution on humans and the world’s various ecosystems are various and need to be realized. Read MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On The Outdoor Environment1103 Words   |  5 Pagesmisdirected, obstructive or unneeded artificial light. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide, etc. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may not be known yet. Scientific definitions thus include the following: †¢ Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light. †¢ Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources. †¢ Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (fromRead MoreLight Pollution And Its Effect On The Earth998 Words   |  4 PagesLight, is a type of wave that has electromagnetic radiation, traveling in transverse waves at a different wavelength from the sources to be visible to the human eye. With the presence of light, human could see things with the sense of sight. The light come from different sources but mainly from sunlight which enable process of photosynthesis where plants make their food and sustain life on earth. Light, is also a sign of civilization, showing the presence of human whenever light is seen from theRead MoreLight Pollution: The Dark Side of Outdoor Lighting3064 Words   |  13 Pagesall the incandescent light bulbs in your home with energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) or light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. However, you may be unwittingly contributing to carbon emissions and interfering with delicate ecosystems through light pollution. Light pollution, unlike other forms of contamination and waste, remains largely overlooked and unregulated in industrialized countries. Learn more about the cause, different types, and effects of light pollution, and how adjusting yourRead MoreLight Pollution : An Earthquake Shook Los Angeles2188 Words   |  9 PagesJoel Barnett Claudia Moura Pols 1 Dec 1, 2014 Light Pollution In 1994, an earthquake shook Los Angeles, knocking out its power and leaving its inhabitants stranded in darkness. In the hours that followed the blackout, many anxious residents called local emergency centers to report seeing a strange â€Å"giant, silvery cloud† in the dark sky. According to Terence Dickinson in his book Nightwatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, some people even believed a â€Å"sudden brightening of the stars.

Gender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay - 1811 Words

Stereotypical gender norms have had a negative impact on what our society perceives as normal tasks for female accountants. More often than not, male accountants are given more demanding tasks in comparison to their female coworkers who are equally qualified but handed less strenuous tasks. Currently, there seems to be a gap in the ratio of women to men in positions of authority. This can be a variety of reasons, one being social norms of what is expected of women in the workforce. Women are frequently paid less than men, and the accounting profession is no exception. Female achievement has exceeded expectations, in terms of education and workplace progression, yet gender inequality and discrimination in the accounting workplace is still an ongoing problem. Gender discrimination could be due to many factors. One key factor is gender norms in society. It is because these norms are incorporated with the conventional female and male stereotypes in the workforce. This can cause women to look for jobs that align with what is considered normal to society (Rao). In this day and age society questions whether a woman can do what is perceived to be a man’s job. A female partner of an accounting firm may not necessarily be normal to society. This could be due to the fact that the majority of partners are men. In the article, â€Å"Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Gender Discrimination in The Audit Profession, the authors state, â€Å"While female partners may, in fact, increaseShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen make towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This articleRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace962 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Santisha Fleming Human Resource Management Dr.Juluis Demps –Management 360 Jacksonville University April, 1, 2015â€Æ' American women can vote, hold office, and they can work in a public work environment. They are considered have an equal opportunity when compared to men. What is the true definition of equal employment opportunity? Does this mean that women and men are offered the same opportunities in the workplace? As well treated equally in regardsRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1165 Words   |  5 PagesGender discrimination in the workplace is a recurring issue in businesses today. Employees are given the right by their employers to be protected from discrimination and inequality in the workplace. In just about every business setting today, men and women work together in the same fields, jobs, and projects. However, it has only been up until (relatively) recently that men and women have been in competition for the same jobs. With the predetermined assumptions of the different roles between bothRead MoreGender Discrimination in the Workplace765 Words   |  4 Pages Gende r discrimination can cover a wide variety of social prejudice. Throughout much of world history, even American history women have been treated as second class citizens. In the United States women have had to fight for rights such as the right to vote, or own land. These are just a few examples of the many injustices that women have had to face. Men have held the position of leadership, and power throughout history when it comes to almost everything. Men would even decide to whom a womenRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace866 Words   |  4 PagesGender Discrimination in the Workplace Many people associate certain occupations with a certain gender, like women with nurses and teachers, and men with lawyers and truck drivers. If those genders and occupations switched, the majority would deem it unethical. Occupations should not be linked with specific genders; whereas, they should be accessible to both genders. In certain occupations, people are treated differently because of their gender and labeled with different stereotypes. There shouldRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Discrimination In The Workplace1867 Words   |  8 PagesDiscrimination in the workplace, specifically gender discrimination is a significant matter, impacting women all over the world. Defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 11, discrimination is ‘Any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of op portunity or treatment in employment or occupation.’. As stated by GillianRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1749 Words   |  7 PagesMatthew Anders Prof. Bross College Writing November 14, 2014 Gender Discrimination in The Workplace In recent years, the issue of gender equality in the workplace and equal pay has been under serious debate. Although there has been significant improvement since when women were first able to work and equal opportunity laws were created, there is still some room for more improvement. The federal government has made laws over the years such as The Civil Rights act, Equal Pay Act and Family andRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace2876 Words   |  12 Pageshave reached maturity, and that stereotyping and discrimination cease to exist. But it is from my own personal experience that I have found this is in fact, not the case, and that harassment in the workplace is a very real issue. Primarily, I am researching the way media portrays gender-biases in the workplace, and why they are relevant. Additionally, I am looking at which occupations might lead to higher levels of emotional stress related to gender inequality for women, and to what historical eventsRead MoreGender Dis crimination And The Workplace1835 Words   |  8 PagesGender Discrimination There are many things that a potential employee has to worry about when considering taking a position within a company. Things like the amount of pay they need, the benefits that will be offered to them, the values and morals of the company and whether or not those values and morals align with their own, and if they could see themselves growing within this company throughout the years because no one wants to work a dead end job for the rest of their life. However, along with

Death Penalty Essay Pro Example For Students

Death Penalty Essay Pro The expression an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth has taken on a whole newmeaning. Lately, murderers have been getting a punishment equal to their crime,death. In 1967, executions in the United States were temporarily suspended togive the federal appellate courts time to decide whether or not the deathpenalty was unconstitutional. Then, in 1972, the United States Supreme Courtruled in the case of Furman versus Georgia that the death penalty violatedthe Eight Amendments. According to the Eighth Amendment, Excessive bail shallnot be required, no excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishmentsinflicted. After the Supreme Court made this ruling, states reviewed theirdeath penalty laws. In 1976, in the case of Gregg versus Georgia the SupremeCourt ruled state death penalty laws were not unconstitutional. Presently inthe United States the death penalty can only be used as punishment forintentional killing. Still, the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment andshould be ou tlawed in the United States. Currently in the United States there are five methods used for executingcriminals: the electric chair, gas chamber, lethal injection, hanging, andfiring squad, each of them equally cruel and unusual in there own ways. When a person is sentenced to death by electrocution he strapped to achair and electrodes are attached to his head and leg. The amount of voltage israised and lowered a few times and death is supposed to occur within threeminutes. Three whole minutes with electricity flowing through someones body,while his flesh burns. Three minutes may not seem like a very long time, but tosomeone who is waiting for his body to die, three minutes can feel like aneternity. Three minutes is the approximate time it takes for a person to die ifeverything goes right, but in some cases it takes longer for people to die. In1990, Jesse Tafero, a prisoner in Florida, remained conscious for four minuteswhile witnesses watched ashes fall from his head. In Georgia in 1984, it tooknearly twenty minutes for Alpha Otis Stephens to die. At 12:18 am on December12, he was shocked with electricity for two minutes, and his body still showedsigns of life. The doctors had to wait six minutes to examine his body becauseit was too hot to touch. Stephens was still alive, so he was electrocuted foranother two minutes. Finally at 12:37 am doctors pronounced him dead. When a person is executed in the gas chamber he is strapped to a chairin an airtight room. A cyanide pellet is dropped in sulfuric acid, which formsa lethal gas. The prisoner remains conscious for a few minutes while strugglingto breath. These gas chambers are similar to the ones used by the Nazis inWorld War II concentration camps. Fifty years ago, America was quick to condemnthe Germans for persecuting Jews, but, today, in 1996 Americans execute theirown people the exact same way. Lethal injection is the newest form of execution in the United States. The person being executed is injected with a deadly dose of barbiturates throughan intravenous tube in his arm. This method is considered the most humane andefficient way of execution, but a federal judge noted that a slight error indosage or administration can leave a prisoner conscious but paralyzed whiledying, a sentient witness of his or her own asphyxiation. Since 1985 therehave been three botched injections in Texas alone. In one case it took 24minutes to kill a criminal because the tube leaked and sprayed the chemicalstowards the witnesses. In 1989, too weak a dosage of drugs caused Stephen McCoyto choke and heave for several minutes before he died. .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .postImageUrl , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:hover , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:visited , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:active { border:0!important; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:active , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet8217s Soliloquies EssayHanging used to be the most common way to execute a person, but now itis only used in Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, and Washington. Hanging isnot a very useful way of execution, because if the drop is too short the personbeing executed dies through gradual strangulation and if the rope is too longthe persons head is ripped off. There is no punishment more unusual thenhaving your head ripped off, so the death penalty is in direct violation withthe Constitution. When someone is executed by a firing squad he is strapped to a chair andhas a target attached to his chest. Then five marksmen aim for the target andfire. Having people being paid to shot at a target on someones chest is notonly cruel, but humiliating for the person being executed. The death penalty by itself is a cruel and unusual punishment, but thetreatment of prisoners before being executed is also cruel and unusual. InAugust 1995 Robert Breechen was scheduled to be executed in Oklahoma. Heattempted to commit suicide, but authorities revived him, then executed himhours later. In Illinois last November, the state gave death row inmate Johndel Vecchio two heart surgeries and then executed him in December. RichardTowns execution in Virginia was delayed for twenty two minutes while theylooked for a vein to inject. The death penalty is the ultimate form of punishment, because there isno way to reverse its effects. It will end up taking the lives of innocentvictims as long as there is fault in the justice system. The death penaltycontradicts the whole idea of human rights. Human rights are significantbecause some means may never be used to protect society because their useviolates the values that make society worth protecting. From this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery ofdeath.I feel morally and intellectually obligated simply to concede that thedeath penalty experiment has failed. It is virtually self-evident to me nowthat no combination of procedural rules or substantive regulations ever can savethe death penalty from its inherent constitutional deficiencies. JusticeHarry Blackmun. Supporters of the death penalty believe that the death penalty helpskeep the crime and murder rate down, but that is not so. States with deathpenalty laws do not have lower crime or rates than states that with deathpenalty laws. Also, by incarcerating criminals for life, instead of executingthem, it makes them think about what they did and forces them to live with theconsequences of their actions. The death penalty violates our constitutional rights and should be madeillegal. It directly contradicts the Eighth Amendment, which forbids cruel andunusual punishment. If the death penalty is not cruel and unusual punishmentthen what is? Is there possibly anything more cruel then dying a slow deathwhile breathing in lethal fumes, or anything more unusual then watching peoplewho are paid to shoot at the target on your chest? The Bill of Rights wasestablished to protect the rights of the people and now Americans are takingaway these rights from their own countrymen. Category: Law

IT Infrastructure Management PG

Question: Discuss about the IT Infrastructure Management PG. Answer: KPIs why important? According to Wu (2012), Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a matric of business used to evaluate factors that are crucial to the success of an organization. KPIs differ per organization; business KPIs may be net revenue or a customer loyalty metric, while government might consider unemployment rates. KPI is used in business intelligence In order to analyse the present business trend and give advice for tactical course of actions. It must have a predefined organizational process and clear business objectives to meet the process. It is an active approach to find enterprise variances. Business intelligence (BI) As Chen et al. (2012) mentioned that, Business intelligence is a set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It has been found that Business intelligence is capable to handle enormous amount of structured and unstructured data to recognise or develop new business opportunities. Common functions of Business intelligence technologies are such as data mining, business performance management, process mining, complex event processing, text mining, benchmarking and predictive analysis. IT Agility According to Gligor and Holcomb (2012), Agility is the term used in business in order to describe how fast a business can respond to the existing opportunity and threats. IT Agility is how IT will enable business agility, how fast IT will deliver the required effectively and efficiency. IT Agility is the measure of capability to act, recognise and take benefit from changing business circumstances. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a planning method that can help to evaluate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of business entity or a project (Sevkli et al., 2012). SWOT analysis can be conducted for a place, industry, company or person. It helps to specify the objective of a business venture. It also helps to recognise the internal; and external factors of the business entity that help to achieve the objectives (Sevkli et al., 2012). It also helps to analyse the degree to which the internal environment of the firm matches with the external environment. Strategic planning According to Smith (2012), Strategic planning is an organizational management activity which helps to set priorities and aligning resources with business operation. It also helps to make sure that stakeholders and employees work towards the common goal. As Smith (2012) stated that strategic planning is a disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that gives shapes to an organization. It decides what an organization is all about, what it offers, why it offers that, who it serves. Enterprise architecture According to Bernard (2012), Enterprise Architecture is a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes. It is responsible for performing the analysis on business structure and process. It also helps to draw conclusion form the gathered information. Management information systems Management information system concentrates on managing information in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness of strategic decision-making process. As Motro and Smets (2012) stated that, the concept of Management information system (MIS) may include term like expert system, decision support system and executive information system. All these terms have connection with other areas like information technology, e-commerce, information systems, informatics and computer science. Management information system studies organizations, people, technology and the relationships among them. DSS As Bright et al. (2012) mentioned that, Decision Support System (DSS) is computer based information system that enhance the decision making system of an organization. Bright et al. (2012) stated that DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advanced such as Unstructured and Semi-Structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human-powered or a combination of both. Cloud infrastructure According to Nez et al. (2012), Cloud infrastructure is the hardwareandsoftware components such asservers,storage, networking andvirtualizationsoftware that are needed to support the computing requirements of acloud computingmodel. In addition, cloud infrastructures include a software abstraction layer that virtualizes resources and logically presents them to users through programmatic means. Data and text mining As Chen et al. (2012) mentioned that data mining is interdisciplinary field of computer science. Data mining is the computational process involving a large data set at the intersection of database, machine learning, artificial intelligence and statistics. Text mining is also known as text data mining. As Nez et al. (2012) stated that text mining is referred as the process of driving high quality information from text. High quality information can be derived by devising statistical mean and pattern such statistical pattern learning. DMS Data Management System can be defined as the collection of data from multiple sources organised for sharing, distribution, sharing and subnetting. As Chen et al. (2012) stated that, generally Data Management System is found in the form of spoke and hub architecture. There are various products that promote themselves as the part of data management system. They are such as Datamarket, Dataverse, Windows Azure marketplace, Factual. Timeliness, quality, security, scalability and data modelling are the key characteristics of Data Management System. Big data As Chen et al. (2012) stated that, Big data is term use for data sets, which are so large that traditional data processing applications are unable to handle them. There are certain challenges included with Bid Data. They are such as storage, sharing, analysis, data duration, information privacy querying. It has been found that accuracy of big data leads to more confident data decision making. It has been found that better decisions leads to better operational efficiency, reduction of costs and risks. What is meant by the Internet of Things what business value does it create? As Miorandi et al. (2012) stated that, Internet of Things is the network of physical devices, building, vehicles and other device that are embedded with sensors, software, network connectivity and actuators that helps these objects to collect and exchange important data. IoT had been described by the Global Standard initiative as the infrastructure of the information society. It allows objects to be controlled and sensed remotely across the present network infrastructure. As Bonomi et al. (2012) stated that, it provides the opportunity to develop direct integration of the physical world into the computer based system. In the sense of IoT, Things can be referred as the large verity of devices like biochip transponders for firm animal, automobiles with built-in sensors and heart monitoring implants. It is also used for DNA analysis for food and environmental monitoring. According to Miorandi et al. (2012), Things can be describes as the inextricable mixture of software and hardware. It has been found that these devices can help to collect useful data with the help of existing technologies. After that, the data flow autonomously between other devices. Smart thermostat systems and dryers and washers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring system are the example of IoT. Creating business values It helps to seamlessly optimise the resources of an organization. IoT helps to develop connectivity between the software of labour management, plant production levels and virtual employee communities. It helps to deliver comprehensive data with the help of remote devices. It helps to improve resource handling capacity of the device. It provides valuable insight across the product life cycle. With the help of IoT, management of an organization can develop engagement analytics that can provide new product development opportunity to that organization. It can create value for the customers by linking them with the webpage. It helps to create brand loyalty by meeting the needs and desires of customers. Conduct a brief research to discuss and contrast between 4G and 5G Networks. As Qiao et al. (2015) stated that, mobile network technology is moving at an insistent pace. It has been fund that there are two major industry juggernauts, which control the present mobile technology. They are the 4G or Fourth generation wireless and 5G or Fifth Generation wireless technology. Android developers take a close look to both the technologies and try to find out where these technologies intersect. Many researchers also try to find out whether they have clear distinctions or not. The research executive of Ericsson Magnus Frodigh mentioned that, the generation game not only keeps the innovation spirit alive, it also earns the wireless industry precious marketing mileage that would otherwise take billions of dollars. Anatomy of 4G As Ratasuk et al. (2015) stated that, 4G is also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. 4G wireless technology is the evolution of the existing 3G technology. It has been found that there are two major technologies that enable LTE technology to gain higher data rate than 3G standard. They are OFDM and MIMO. It has been found that Orthogonal Frequency Davison Multiples (OFDM) is a technique of transmission that utilises an enormous amount of closely spaced carriers, which are modulated for low data rates. It provides a spectral scheme of efficiency that provide high data rate. It gives users the permission to share a common channel. On the other hand, Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique helps to improve the spectral efficiency and data throughput with the help of multiple antennas at the receiver and transmitter. As Ratasuk et al. (2015) stated that it uses complex digital signal processing to develop multiple data streams on the same channel. Enter the 5G According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN), 5G is defined as: 5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation toward customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases delivered with consistent experience and enabled by sustainable business models. The 5G technology has raised the bar to Massive MIMO technology. This technology uses a large array of radiating materials the antenna matrix to a new level 16x16 to 156x156 MIMO. The major goals of 5G technologies are like: Increasing the capacity 1000 times It supports more than 100 billion connections It gives up to 10 Gbps speed Characteristics 4G 5G Technology It is a combination of LAN/WAN/PAN It is a combination of technologies such as 2G, 3G, LTE, LEE-A, M2M and Wi-Fi. Data Rate Up to 20Mbps Up to 1Gbps Switching Circuit switching and packet switching Circuit switching and packet switching Communication It uses Machine Type Communications (MTC) for the LOT traffic. 5G technology is being designed from grounds up to support MTC like devices. Figure 1: Differences between 4G and 5G technology (Source: Qiao et al., 2015) Overall e-health perspective As Benjamin et al. (2015) stated that, E- Medicine is the clinical medical knowledge base, which was founded by two doctors Richard Lavely and Scott Plantz in the year of 1996. The E- Medicine website consists of more than 6,800 articles. As Ring and Ammer (2015) stated that each of these articles are associated with anyone of the 62 subspecialty textbooks. For instance, it consists of 14 subspecialty textbooks for Pediatrics. Genetics, Cardiology, endocrinology and pulmonology are the part of these subspecialty textbooks. E-Medicine comprises of 750 articles on e-medicine. As Ring and Ammer (2015) stated that, each of these articles are written by authored certified specialist in the subspecialty in which the article belongs. Each article that belongs in the E-medicine is updated on the date of its publication. Pros and Cons for E-Medicine Advantages E-Medicine is recognised as the most referenced sources (84%) among specialists (Benjamin et al., 2015). The incidence of error and omission per article is half for E-Medicine (0.42) in comparison to MedlinePlus (0.98). It is also very useful for cancer research work. In the year of 2007, it is ranked as the second highest internet based source of information for paediatric neuro-oncology. E-Medicine provides different health related news to consumer on variety of subjects like public health perspectives, information on latest epidemics and health information on travelling abroad. It also provides information about healthy living. It consists of an extensive library of patient education articles (Ring Ammer, 2015). Disadvantages As Benjamin et al. (2015) argued that the quality of online information fluctuates significantly in E-Medicine. It has been found that the rate of fluctuation is from 46% to 84% in comparison with the current text books of medicines. However, e-medicine has some challenges related with reading and navigation procedure as well. The main components of the E- Medicine E-Medicine is actually conceived in 1996 named as Emergency medicine textbook. Since then, its content has expanded considerably. It includes various topic such as critical care, cardiology, clinical procedures, allergy, immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, nephrology, infectious diseases, pathology, oncology, physical medicine, preoperative care, rehabilitation, radiology, psychiatry, sports medicine and rheumatology (Ring Ammer, 2015). There are various surgical subspecialties are included in the E-Medicine. They are such as plastic surgery orthopaedic surgery, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, transplantation, thoracic surgery, urology, trauma and vascular surgery. Conclusion It has been found that E-Medicine is one of the most frequently used source of medical information in internet. It has been found that user friendliness and accuracy are the are two major reasons that makes it the most frequently referenced internet sources. It has been found that there are more than 10,000 contributors form various countries helped to create all these articles. It can be operated as an e-book and can be downloaded into smart phones, P.C. or tablets. It includes various topics such as critical care, cardiology, clinical procedures, allergy, immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, nephrology, infectious diseases, pathology. User friendliness and accuracy makes it more popular among health specialists. However, it has some issues related with the quality of information and navigation system. References Benjamin, I., Griggs, R. C., Wing, E. J., Fitz, J. G. (2015).Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bernard, S. A. (2012).An introduction to enterprise architecture. AuthorHouse. Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S. (2012). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. InProceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing(pp. 13-16). ACM. Bright, T. J., Wong, A., Dhurjati, R., Bristow, E., Bastian, L., Coeytaux, R. R., ... Wing, L. (2012). Effect of clinical decision-support systems: a systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,157(1), 29-43. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), 1165-1188. Gligor, D. M., Holcomb, M. C. (2012). Understanding the role of logistics capabilities in achieving supply chain agility: a systematic literature review.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 438-453. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I. (2012). Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges.Ad Hoc Networks,10(7), 1497-1516. Motro, A., Smets, P. (2012).Uncertainty management in information systems: from needs to solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Nez, A., Vzquez-Poletti, J. L., Caminero, A. C., Casta, G. G., Carretero, J., Llorente, I. M. (2012). iCanCloud: A flexible and scalable cloud infrastructure simulator.Journal of Grid Computing,10(1), 185-209. Qiao, J., Shen, X. S., Mark, J. W., Shen, Q., He, Y., Lei, L. (2015). Enabling device-to-device communications in millimeter-wave 5G cellular networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,53(1), 209-215. Ratasuk, R., Prasad, A., Li, Z., Ghosh, A., Uusitalo, M. A. (2015). Recent advancements in M2M communications in 4G networks and evolution towards 5G. InIntelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN), 2015 18th International Conference on(pp. 52-57). IEEE. Ring, E. F. J., Ammer, K. (2015). The technique of infrared imaging in e-medicine. InInfrared Imaging. IOP Publishing. Sevkli, M., Oztekin, A., Uysal, O., Torlak, G., Turkyilmaz, A., Delen, D. (2012). Development of a fuzzy ANP based SWOT analysis for the airline industry in Turkey.Expert Systems with Applications,39(1), 14-24. Smith, R. D. (2012).Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Wu, H. Y. (2012). Constructing a strategy map for banking institutions with key performance indicators of the balanced scorecard.Evaluation and Program Planning,35(3), 303-320.

Offer and Acceptance Essay Sample free essay sample

In the given inquiry the issue is whether there is a adhering contract between Gerard and Reg. A contract can be defined as a voluntary premise of duty. In order to set up a contract there must be an offer followed by an credence. In order to see whether the parties have come to an understanding the tribunal would look at the purpose of the parties. Purpose will be looked at objectively. In using the nonsubjective trial the tribunals consider whether the sensible individual in the other parties’ place would reason that there was an purpose to come in in to an understanding. A good illustration of the application of the nonsubjective trial is provided in Centrovincial Estates Plc vs. merchandiser investors’ confidence Company Ltd. It should non. nevertheless. be assumed that the subjective purposes of the parties are irrelevant. A subjective trial efforts to determine the existent purpose of the catching parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Offer and Acceptance Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Hartog vs. colin and Shields the tribunal adopted the nonsubjective trial topic to subjective consideration. In Gibson vs. Manchester metropolis council the House of Lords emphasized the importance of placing an offer and credence when make up ones minding whether the parties reached an understanding. An offer is a steadfast project to be bound in the every its footings are accepted by the other. It must be concluding. certain and unambiguous. There must be no farther dialogues or treatment required. The nature of an offer was discussed in Gibson vs. Manchester City Council. The council decided to sell the council houses to the renters. The council so decided non to sell the houses. The council sent Gibson a papers which asked him to do a formal invitation to purchase and stated that the Council â€Å"may be prepared to sell’ the house to him. Gibson signed the papers and returned it. The House of Lords held that a contract had non been concluded because the council had non made an offer capable of being accepted. Lord Diplock stated: The words â€Å"may be prepared to sell† are fatal†¦so is the invitation. â€Å"to make formal application to buy† . In this instance of import footings still needed to be determined. However in Storer vs. Manchester metropolis council. under similar circumstance. the Court of Appeal found that there was a binding contract. The council had sent Storer a communicating that they intended would be adhering upon his credence. All storer had to make to adhere himself to the ulterior sale was to subscribe the papers and return it. It must be noted that certain statements made during dialogues will non amount to offers. as they lack the qualities of going an offer. such statement include ; statement of purpose ( Harris vs Nickerson ) . supply of information ( Harvey vs Facey ) . and invitation to handle ( Patridge vs. Crittenden ) . In the given inquiry Reg electronic mail to Gerard â€Å"I have for sale 500 Cadmiums from the 1970s. 80s and 90s. delight happen affiliated list of rubrics. They are in first-class status. I need to raise money desperately so am willing to sell as a whole or in portion. I’m prepared to sell for ? 1000. A speedy answer would be apprec iated† . There is a inquiry whether the first electronic mail from Reg is an offer? Stating an purpose to contract or to make concern is non an offer. It amounts merely for an invitation to handle. This was so held in Harris vs. Nickerson where an auction was advertised with invitation as to the points to be auctioned and the topographic point it would be held. A prospective bidder attended the auction merely to be told it would non be held. He brought an action against the auctioneer to retrieve the cost for go toing the auction. It was held that the advertizement was merely a statement of purpose to keep an auction and is non an offer. Therefore on this land. the e-mail by Reg will non amount to an offer. The statement is besides non certain. concluding and equivocal. Proposing that Reg do non had the serious purpose make an offer. as in the state of affairs of Harvey vs. Facey ( 1983 ) here Harvey sent Facey a wire it said â€Å"will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? Telegraph lowest hard currency monetary value –answer paid† facey replied on the same twenty-four hours: â€Å"lowest monetary value for Bumper Hall Pen ? 900† Harvey so replied in the undermentioned words â€Å"we agree to purchase Bumper Hall Pen for the amount of nine hundred lbs asked by you. Please sent us your rubric title in order that we may acquire early possession† . Finally in this instance Privy Council advised that no contract existed between the parties. The first Telegram was merely a petition for information. So at no phase the Defendant make a definite offer that could be accepted. By comparing the state of affairs with Harvey vs. facey. it clearly says that the first electronic mail from Reg is merely a sharing of information or invitation to handle. After the invitation to handle or sharing of information. the following topographic point is for an offer by the other party otherwise it is still on dialogue procedure. The reply e-mail from Gerard on 2nd March at 5. 30 autopsy says that â€Å"he will take all of the Cadmiums and is willing to pay ?1000 and would roll up the CDs. †The electronic mail is concluding. certain and unambiguous. proposing that Gerard had an purpose of doing an offer. Therefore a decision can be drawn that the electronic mail is an offer. Since an offer has been established it needs to be analyzed whether this offer has been accepted. Acceptance must be concluding and unqualified acquiescence to the footings of the offer. For credence to be effectual there are certain regulations to be satisfied. The regulations that need to be s atisfied are ; credence must be unconditioned: if the words capable to contracts are used when an offer is accepted that is non a valid credence ( chillingworth vs. esche ) ; credence must be on indistinguishable footings: it must be a mirror image of the offer. it is merely than we can state that there is a meeting of heads. If the offeree effort on different footings it is non acceptance-counter offer- ( hyde vs. twist ) . credence must be communicated in existent facts to the offero: this means that until the offero or his agent gets to cognize that the offer has been accepted. there is no valid credence ( felthouse vs. bindley ) ; and the offeree must hold cognition of the offer at the clip of credence ( R vs. clarke ) . In this instance it differs from the normal state of affairss. Than hearing or waiting for an credence from Reg. on 2nd March –the same day- at 5. 40pm Gerard receives an electronic mail from Reg saying that â€Å"have changed my head. I now want ?1500 for the CDs† . besides Gerard discovers Reg’s foremost electronic mail. to which Gerard has replied. was sent from place. whereas the 2nd electronic mail was sent from Reg’s work topographic point. Than being an credence here it’s a refusal of an offer besides have the qualities of a counter offer. par tially but non wholly. Counter offer is an offer made in response to a old offer by the other party during dialogues for a concluding contract. The Brogden V metropolitan railroad is authority to state where the counter offer is accepted. the contract is made on the footings of the counter offer and non on the footings of the original offer. The noticeable another point here is the topographic point last e-mail came from. As all the e-mails came from Reg’s place. merely the concluding electronic mail came from his work topographic point doing the uncertainties on the cogency of his old electronic mails. With this point besides we can travel up to the inquiry of whether Reg read Gerard’s replied offer electronic mail before. Harmonizing to instantaneous communicating regulation that an credence took consequence where it was received. non where it was sent ( Entores Ltd v. Miles far East corporation ) . So nevertheless. it can be offer or a counter offer but it surely sure that it is sum to a e xpiration of a old offer. The offer is still available for credence. The 2nd inquiry was. would you reply differ. had Gerard replied that he would pay ?800 for the Cadmiums from the 80s and 90s merely? No it does non do a immense difference. As it comes to the portion of Gerard’s offer. nevertheless after an invitation to handle there’s merely a topographic point for an offer or a expiration of the invitation which meant to the dialogue procedure. So decidedly this besides sum to an offer as the old statement.

The debate about whether the date of Australia day Essays

The debate about whether the date of Australia day Essays The debate about whether the date of Australia day should be changed or not h as been a rising iss ue recently. T oday I will be discussing why I believe "that the date of Australia day should be changed". ARUGMENT 1: Native Australians associate January 26th with the invasion of their country and they deserve to mourn on the day their ancestors were invaded. It is a painful reminder of the harmful past that the aboriginals had to endure, the commencement of massacres, oppression , and land gr abbing from the aboriginals in some cases was done with absolute brutality. For aborigines, 26 th January isn't a day where they celebrate to respect the diversity of Australians, but a day where suffering began for their race. To celebrate such a day would mean to cherish over the genocide of their ancestors. We (as in the other cultures in Australia) should support these people by not celebrating Australia day due the devastation that begun upon the aboriginal people after this day over 2 centuries ago. If you guys think about the massacres of aboriginal people over the 2 centuries after this day, what is so good about celebrating a day on which reminds ever y one of the sadness, the atrocity, the torture that took place? How do you feel about celebrating a day that marks the devastation of the aboriginal community ? What right do we have to celebrate such a devastating day?! A boriginals living in Australia deserve to mourn the atrocity their ancestors went through. They should not be asked to just forget about it and move on . We should be respect the fact that the aborigine community is considerate enough to let us live on their land, if it weren't for their generosity, Australia would not have been the country it is today. It is a great country today due to its prosperity and multicultural society however the native population way of life and culture was also destroyed in the process of building this beautiful country. ARGUMENT 2 : The day relates to the destruction of the native population way of life and culture. Which leads me to me next argument , According to the UN Genocide convention, the indigenous aboriginal population dropped from about 1 million to 0.1 million (which is 100,000) between 18 th to 19 th century , which was after the European settlers arrived. What caused this m assive population to drop? Well for the following reasons , 1. The European brought dis eases such as small pox, influenza, chicken pox, measles and many more to this land which infected thousands of these aboriginal people since they weren't immune to the unfamiliar diseases, therefore in a way indirectly killing them. 2. The British settlers didn't hesitate to annihilate many of the aboriginal tribes, just so they can come here and live with their families . The cultures of different tribes were destroyed too. Their rightful freedom was snatched away from them after 26 th of January. Their lives were terroris ed after this day, and yet till this day we celebrate such a daywhy? ARGUMENT 3 : The Australian day celebrated on January 26 th glorifies the triumph of imperialism, while at the same time ignoring the guilt presented by the day. Many Australians celebrate Australia day as a good and a positive day. If we celebrate this day we are just disrespecting the fact of what happened here over a century ago, we are just forgetting the lives that were lost and moving on believing everything turned out right. On that day, indigenous people were displaced and disempowered to the extent which they were made slaves b y the very people who asked them to live on their land. I am not sure about you guys but this makes my blood boil. From a personal point of view, I believe that the date of this day should be changed to have inclusivity . What I mean by inclusivity is that we change this dat e to some other day where people of all cultures get together and celebrate Australia day, as it is multicultural country. REBUTTAL : Changing the date presents an opportunity

School Crime Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

School Crime - Case Study Example Involvement in gangs, shootings, thefts and robberies etc. are common criminal acts. (Almond, 2008) One of the most practiced crimes in school shooting with handguns. This act is done mostly by the people who are mentally disabled, expelled students or a faculty who have been kicked out of school for certain reason or people who hold a grudge against other students. The profound reason behind these incidents is vengeance and it is occasionally found that the perpetrator (shooter) is killed in the incident. There are lots of cases that can be used to discuss the issue regarding crimes in schools. (Almond, 2008) The shootings Virginia Tech School on April 16, 2007 where the death toll was about 33 civilians is one of these incidents. A mentally retarded student got hold of guns and shot people that crossed his path. Many of the victims were students that were shot dead in their dorms and class rooms. There were two separate shooting attacks in campus at Blacksburg. The first attack took place in dormitory were two students were shot dead and after that another attack took place in a classroom building across campus which killed another 31 students. The witnesses who were in campus describe the horrific scenes where the students were lined up against the wall and were shot one by one. (Almond, 2008) These types of incidents leave a question mark on the American society, the law makers as well as the school environments. If these type of incidents can take place in developed countries then what about the underdeveloped countries In this incident, a quick action by the administration would have prevented the second attack but due to lack of communication and prompt reaction, massive killings occurred. (Sommer, 1984) If these type of situation remains in schools then what would be the future of the Youth. Would a student studying in a school become a scholar or a terrorist This incident imitated wide interest from the media and the hype left the policy makers revise their policies and led to gun control measures. Researches have shown that these crimes are also due to various other factors that include the environment of school, availability of weapons in the state, peer pressure among a certain age group and discrimination by the society in which an individual is living. Addressing these types of issues can also be fruitful for the society and can lead to favorable outcomes among schools. (Sommer, 1984) Another example of school crime is the shooting in Northern Illinois School which led to 6 casualties. The shooting occurred in the lecture hall of the school at around 3 pm when a person dressed in black emerged suddenly into lecture hall and opened fire. The administration identified that the shooter as a former graduate student in sociology who was enrolled in 2007 but then left. The administration of the school was put on alert immediately and the students were informed by emails, text msgs, alarms, media, and voicemail about the incident. (Rubel, 1981) These types of incidents can lead to very huge type of problem. The schools have to take some serious actions against this type of incident. To tackle these types of incidents the weapons systems should be used in campuses and metal detectors should be used to avoid these types of horrible incidents. Every student coming in campus should be

The value of CREATIVITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The value of CREATIVITY - Essay Example On the same token, creativity is the need for being fresh, novel and absolutely unique so that the complex stimulation comes about of age in the most apt manner. This paper will explore the basis of creativity and how it has been able to change beliefs, shape ideas and transform different understandings into the molds and lives of the people at large. Creativity is a much desired proposition, more so on the part of the people who believe in its magic. Creativity is all about communicating ideas, values, beliefs and opinions, though in differential settings, ways and means. Creativity is indeed the magic that binds people in wholly different mannerisms and it asks of them to appreciate the creative talent that a person has demonstrated for that matter. Therefore it is a very important element of bringing sanity within the ranks of different work avenues. Within the fields of culture and business, creativity has its most say. This is because these two areas depict the need for having creativity and thus manifest the exact basis of success in the most apt manner possible. It also goes to show that creativity will rule the roost of the cultural and business quarters if the desire is there to succeed. Within the cultural contexts, creativity comes of age when the people are relying a great deal on the people to people interactions (Cr opley 2006). It means that their associations, linkages and relationships are being justified in such a manner that success will eventually shape up in the most appropriate way. It would not be wrong to state here that creativity under the aegis of culture would manifest success, harmony and development for all the right reasons. It would also dictate the basis of finding out the exact details which will embody cultural bonding amongst the people, making them realize as to how they can effectively counter the movements

Topic Services Marketing, Case Monster.com Essay

Topic Services Marketing, Case Monster.com - Essay Example In the mid 90s, during the post-recession period in the U.S, big companies started to work on the booming economy by expanding their businesses. Such a move, requisitioned more professionals to be recruited. There was pressure on the recruitment agencies to supply the necessary work force within a short period of time. The recruitment companies were forced to react quickly to cater this huge requirement and started to look at new strategies to sustain this critical stage. There were many types of media existing at that time like the newspapers, Radio, Television, and the Internet. Media, other than internet, had a good reach. Monster.com tried to access the new medium of Internet as an effective channel for recruitment services. The company had to address multitude of problems related to: Customers: On one hand Monster.com had to entice companies to provide them with job vacancies. The initial companies which had provided Monster.com with job postings were the companies for which Monster.com had developed the advertisement designs. However, for Monster.com to attract new clients meant that the company had to prove to its potential clients, the validity of internet as a medium for offering recruitment services. ... Monster.com had chosen Internet as medium owing to the strengths such as high volume of content deliverable, customization of content and reach. Such of the strengths were intended to offset the shortage of time within which the jobs had to be filled. However, with the basic weakness of Internet as a cluttered medium, Monster.com was unable to make the customers access the website amongst the clutter. Competition: Internet was totally a new avenue through which recruitment services were offered. Going by Ansoff's Product / Market Matrix, the mode of Internet was a new medium available in the existing market of recruitment services. The growth strategy called for product development. For making the product competitive, Monster.com made the product cost competitive, the inherent strength of distribution was highlight in the reach of internet, however, Monster.com was not able to penetrate the market share of the then existing products such as Newpaper and Radio. How could Monster.com promote Internet as an effective medium remained a question mark Did Monster.com leverage the existing products such as newspapers for which they were designing the advertisements to complement for the launched of the medium of internet as a value addition is also a question since, Monster.com had independently launched the web medium for recruitment services. Collaboration: Monster.com had support from companies for which they were designing the advertisements. However, there was no collaboration with the existing medium of communication such as newspapers and radio. Study of functioning of some of the major online service giants or recruitment service providers could have benefited Monster.com for standardization of the product. However, Monster.com did have a tie-up

Citizenship And Immigration Backbone Of Exclusion Politics Essay

Citizenship And Immigration Backbone Of Exclusion Politics Essay The concepts of citizen and immigrant have been discussed by many scholars for many reasons. These reasons can be the need of demonstrating the conflicts and the problems between citizens and immigrants, the immigrants illegal status that have generally unbearable life and working conditions, otherness of immigrants and thus their exclusion from mainstream of the society. Calavita is one of the scholars indicating the significance of dichotomy concerning citizen and immigrant issue by gathering ideas of many scholars. Thus, the main objective of my paper is to indicate on what basis Calavita challenges the immigrant/citizen dichotomy and also to illustrate the crucial points I agree by making use of the articles of vital scholars such as Bosniak, Marshall, Didier, Turner, Soysal, Balibar, Silverstein, Castles and Davidson and Giordano. The concept of citizenship not only refers to inclusion but also exclusion as it explicitly or implicitly posits the differences between citizens and immigrants who are generally considered as foreigners. Firstly, Calavita starts to challenge the immigrant/citizenship dichotomy by emphasizing the arguments of scholars concerning the differences between citizens and immigrants. For instance, Brubaker states that even though citizenship refers to inclusion, it is externally exclusive (21). Both Brubaker and Michael Walzer indicate a sharp difference between citizens who belong to the national community and noncitizens that do not. Thus, Calavita emphasizes that the extensive empirical scholarship that shows exclusionary aspect of citizenship affirms immigrants as a distinctly marginal population as well (403). Calavita also highlights the marginality of illegal immigrants by pointing out that they are given the worst jobs and excluded from social membership not only by virtue of their status as immigrants but by illegality (403). Moreover, according to B.S. Turner, who gets citizenship explicitly shows the general criteria of inclusion/exclusion within a political community and how these resources following citizenship membership are allocated and administered largely determines the economic fate of individuals and families (7). I totally agree with Calavitas and Turners arguments because there are many countries which can demonstrate the social and economical exclusion of immigrants such as Great Britain, Germany, France and so on. For instance, In Great Britain, many immigrants from Iran, Brazil, Afghanistan, Iraq and so on, are generally deprived of safe working conditions with poor salaries and they are generally given the worst jobs which citizens of the country do not want to do. Moreover, they have to live in some campsites far away from the mainstream of the society as they cannot afford to pay the rent of ordinary houses. As they are not the citizens of the country, their jobs, living and working conditions are harsh on the basis of exclusion. What is more, the exclusionary nature of citizenship in England can refer to inequality. According to Marshall, citizenship has been a growing institution in England associated with capitalism which is a system, not of equality but of inequality (102). Therefore, it can be deduced that the exclusion of immigrants is not only the result of exclusionary nature of citizenship but also the strong desire of capitalist people who want to earn more by exploiting the illegal status of immigrants. Calavita continues her arguments concerning otherness and marginalization of immigrants by indicating Filipina domestic workers in Los Angeles and Rome as examples emphasized by Salazar Parren who argues that Filipinas confront sets of dislocations in Italy and the United States, despite the legal, political, and cultural differences of the two contexts, as they provide the gendered, low-wage labour on which global capitalism thrives (404). As a result, capitalism has a crucial role in shaping the exclusion and economic marginalization of immigrants. The rights of immigrants have been extended through the enforcement of the law. For instance in the European Union it is achieved through a common asylum and immigration policy which provides specific rights to immigrants in the European Union countries. Calavita similarly addresses the issue of formal citizenship in the United States and the legal rights that distinguish citizens from noncitizens by utilizing Peter Schucks article which shows the evolution of the meaning of citizenship in U.S. immigration and naturalization law (405). It is argued that the value of U.S. citizenship has been decreased because immigrants have gained increasing rights as the concept of universalistic human rights independent of citizenship has expanded (405). Moreover, Yasemin Soysal states that rights that used to belong solely to nationals are now extended to foreign populations, thereby undermining the very basis of national citizenship (190). Calavita and other scholars also points out universal hu man rights in democratic societies which means that immigrants have come to enjoy virtually all the privileges associated with formal citizenship (usually, but not always, with the exception of voting rights) (405). What is more, according to Linda Bosniak, rights and recognition should be given to all people who are territorially present within the geographical space of a national state by virtue of that presence (390). This obviously refers to immigrants who territorially exist in many countries but denied. I agree with the opinions on the gradual growth of immigrants right not only in USA but also in Europe through the enforcement of the law. Thus, distinct terms have been created for the condition of immigrants such as denizen which is indicated by Soysals article for foreigners who are long-term residents of European states and who have substantial rights and privileges (190). Calavita thus shows that this concept of a membership continuum is at least implicitly shared by virtu ally all who write on immigration law and belonging (406). But at times it is somewhat awkwardly accompanied by the enduring idea of a conceptually clear, legally consequential, and ideologically charged distinction between citizens and foreigners (Brubaker, 21). It can be considered as true assumption since the explicit differences between them can be still observed in many countries such as in Great Britain I illustrated above. Different concepts such as transnational citizenship, global citizenship, and post national citizenship are raised in Calavitas article for further destabilizing this presumed dichotomy (Baubock 1994; Falk1993; Bosniak 2000, 449). According to her, the establishment of the European Union and the appearance of European citizenship may be the clearest example for transnational membership. While the allocation of many formal citizenship rights to all Europeans in the European Union clearly extends the conventional state-centered concept of citizenship, this transnational form is still relatively rare (406). Didier Bigo states that it is vital to have a long-term economic and social policy on migration that provides for decent conditions of family unification, equal wages and pension rights, and cross-border movements facilitated by international agreements (581). Thus, it can be deduced that the concept of European citizenship and immigration policy provide advantages such as equal wage s to the immigrants. Furthermore, Calavita argues that conceptual precision is required in our discussions of citizenship yet we need not define citizenship as intrinsically national in nature (407). Therefore, it can be pointed out that the definition of citizenship cannot be something which is unchangeable yet which has been developed and extended through evolution as Bosniak acknowledges that citizenship is multiple and overlapping through increasingly transterritorial quality of political and social life (450). However, we need to emphasize that being citizen of a country does not necessarily mean that your rights are protected and you can defend yourself when you are treated unfairly, even citizens of a country can be deprived of social, civil and political rights as Calavita indicates (407). Racialized citizenship, cultural citizenship and dependent citizenship are another crucial terms which are addressed by Calavita (407). These terms are the explicit illustration and proof of exclusionary nature of citizenship. To give an illustration, Paul Silverstein states that the white aristocracy think that they are enactors of national will and utilize a nationalistic practice of exclusion on racialised Aboriginal and Asian cocitizens and also in France Muslims are not seen as French citizenship since their culture is based on different religious activities (27). For describing the dependent citizenship, gender issue has a pivotal role as womens dependent citizenship is observed in USA. (407). Calavita makes use of Bredbenners article concerning womens dependent citizenship in USA through the Naturalization Act of 1855 (407). When foreign women married U.S. citizens, law automatically conferred citizenship on foreign women that protected these women from deportation and gave th em inheritance Rights yet deprived them of their native citizenship without their consent (407-408). Even though foreign men who married U.S. had acquired right to vote, these women who married U.S. men could not vote. This can be an exact proof of the dominance of patriarchy and the crucial clue indicating status of women as second class citizens in USA. According to Calavita, gender and race are often at the forefront of the struggle for inclusion as we realize women position in USA in that times , Muslims condition in France and the otherness of Aborigines in Australia emphasized by Silverstein (408). Being a citizenship is considered as first act to empower oneself against the environment into which one is born and thus a citizen tries to find mastery over whatever pushes him or her back into subjection (Castles and Davidson, 26). As a result, citizenship is inclined to indicate mastery over all environments which can be taken as the main result of capitalism. Calavita acknowledges that the ruled were dependent on the rulers, but the rulers no less depended on the ruled. The two sides were tied to each other and neither could easily opt out of the wedlock (410). To give specific illustration, the capitalist employers want to give jobs to illegal immigrants in order to gain more profit by giving them poor salaries. The amount of money which the employers earn is thus relied on the employment of this ruled class. In addition, violence and crime against immigrants are another vital issue raised by Calavita by pointing out that in late August 2004, 11 homeless people were attacked in organized assaults in Sao Paulo, leaving at least 7 dead (412). This can be considered as a cruel attempt to keep the homeless out of public space (412). As we can realize these scholars point out that immigrants are marginalized and excluded from membership in the national community of citizen-insiders yet this dichotomy is problematic-on one hand because immigrants are increasingly granted formal rights (412). As we can observe, the dichotomy addressed by Calavita constitutes contradictions and conflicts as it not only refer to exclusion and marginalization but also evolution of immigrants rights. In the second part of the paper, she maintains her argument with immigration policy in Italy which grants victims of human trafficking temporary residence permits to escape from situations of violence and abuse (Giordano, 588) and she suggests that the legal construction of marginality is here particularly seen. For example, the immigrants are consistently found in the lowest paid, most precarious, and least secure jobs. It is estimated that 30% of non-EU immigrants in Italy work in the vast underground economy and it is hard to obtain permanent legal status through Immigration laws (413). The illegal condition of them in Italy should be emphasized as illegality of immigrant workers is embedded in Italian immigration law anchored by temporary and contingent permit systems (413). Balibar states that capacities of reception and integration are arbitrarily established according to criteria of cultural distance-that is, race (37). Also, Calavita acknowledges that immigrants are racialize d and their cultures highlighted as problematically distinct, to the extent that they are economically other which means that ethnic and cultural difference by themselves do not elicit racism, but rather their connection with poverty does (414). Thus, it can be said that race and gender are intertwined and so are labour function and race. The concept of non-EU jobs offered to immigrants from third World countries clearly indicates degrees of economic marginality. As this is a legal process, Economic marginality is thus institutionalized through law (415). They are also excluded from access to the national health care system. Also, they experience illegal discrimination in the housing market which causes them to live in homeless shelters and soup kitchens (415). We can realize the mutual existence of economical, social and cultural exclusion of immigrants in Italy. According to her, if economic marginality is backbone of immigrants exclusion, then it shows the reason that other impov erished groups in highly stratified market societies are similarly denied full membership (415). Thus, we can think that immigrants expose to both economic and social marginality. The workers, who are mostly young and woman and poorly paid, are too busy with their own survival to create solidarity among them. An overall conclusion is that the first part of the paper confirms the traditional dichotomy concerning citizen-insider/immigrant-outsider and the distinction between them is tried to be described by ideas of different scholars which is relied on the nominal definition of citizenship applied to women and people of colour (416). However, the Italian example indicates us that there is no exact and explicit boundary between citizens and immigrants and we can realize the economic marginality and otherness in the context of the racialization of Third World countries. However, it should be always remembered that even formal citizens can confront troubles from which immigrants can suffer and not all citizens are true members. Thus, they can also share the sense of exclusion with immigrants. Calavita sums up what she challenges by pointing out that the scholars claiming the extension of immigrants rights and documenting the critical race theory and feminist expose ´s of the limitations on substantive citizenship come from dramatically different theoretical positions and use various conceptualizations of citizenship (409). Yet, the conventional dichotomy between citizen-members and immigrant-outsiders is all disrupted by them. As result, it can be totally wrong to draw explicit definitions for citizen and immigrant yet it should be realized that the exclusion of immigrants also come from their inability of being consumers in the global marketplace. Lastly, it should not been forgotten that nowadays both immigrants and citizens have been backbone of marginality and exclusion which stems from the inescapable result of the capitalist world.

Schools and Education - Understanding the Rise in Apathy, Cheating and

The Rise in Apathy, Cheating and Plagiarism – Understanding the Problem Over the past ten years teachers have witnessed a drop in student preparation and a rise in apathy and cheating. Students who cheat do so from a variety of motives. Making this situation even more difficult is that faculty members do not even define plagiarism the same or punish it consistently (Howard, â€Å"Sexuality† 473). Some surveys even show that teachers simply ignore the problem or do not report plagiarism because: â€Å"they do not want to be bothered, because they think only the student who cheated is actually harmed, or because of the unpleasant bureaucracy and documentation ramifications† (Moeck 484). Alschuler and Blimling add to this list the fear of litigation, student reprisals, administrative reprimands and lack of support (124). With such diversity and outright dissention among teachers, finding solutions to these problems will require not only a common purpose but also an understanding of what may be at the heart of these issues. One potent ial answer lies in educating ourselves about the history and nature of plagiarism. Another potential answer lies in analyzing how so many students arrive at college ill-prepared and apathetic. Freire’s theories on banking education may explain some of these problems concerning student preparation and academic integrity. First, we must understand the history of plagiarism and the problem many instructors have in separating original thinking from collaborative thinking (that which is influenced by those who have come before). Western thought traces its roots to the great civilizations of Classical Greece and Rome. The nature of much writing from this period up into the 19th Century was ... ...n, 1993. 17-24. Howard, Rebecca Moore. â€Å"Plagiarisms, Authorships, and the Academic Death Penalty.† College English 57 (1995). 788-806. ---. â€Å"Sexuality, Textuality: The Cultural Work of Plagiarism.† College English 62 (2002). 473-91. Jeffers, Thomas L. â€Å"Plagiarism High and Low.† Commentary 114 (2002). 54-61. McCabe, Donald L. â€Å"Students Cheating in American High Schools.† The Center for Academic Integrity. 2002. 10 Nov. 2002. . Moeck, P. G. â€Å"Academic Dishonesty: Cheating Among Community College Students.† Community College Journal of Research and Practice 26 (2002). 479-91. â€Å"Statistics.† Plagiarism.org. 10 Nov. 2002. . Roberts, Peter. Education, Literacy, and Humanization: Exploring the Work of Paolo Freire. Ed. Henry A. Giroux. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 2002. 54-73.

Low income and education Essay

This essay will consider if children from low income families are disadvantaged in the education system. It will examine if there is a direct link between poverty and low educational attainment. As far back as 1959 the Crowther Report identified a link between low incomes and low attainment levels. This was followed in 1963 by the Newsom report that found many secondary modern schools were deficient and argued that the less privileged 50 per cent of children did not receive their fair share of resources. (P Young, Mastering Social Welfare, p. 180) Recent research from the Institute of Education has shown that children from poorer families are no more likely to gain qualifications than they were a generation ago. A study carried out by Barbara Jefferis, a research fellow at the Institute of Child Healthfound a strong link between social background and cognitive development. The research carried out found the gap between educational attainment between the richest and the poorest in society widened as time went on. (The Guardian, August 9th 2002) The British Medical Journal published a study in August 2002 that firmly points at poverty and social deprivation as some of the most significant factors why some children do less well than others. Nick Davis points out in his book, The School Report: he is not uncovering the unknown but exposing something that no one with any power will admit. The ‘great unmentionable’, Davis shows, is the direct correlation that exists between educational performance and poverty. (N.Davis, 2000) David Miliband, the Minister of State for school standards, has stated that only 14 per cent of young people from lower income backgrounds go to university, compared to 75 per cent from more advantaged homes. For some children the first step in education is nursery education. Although not compulsory nursery education is now available to all three and four year olds. A scheme set up by the government provides nursery vouchers for all three and four year olds. These vouchers are used to purchase OFSTED inspected nursery education. State run nursery schools are available in many areas, although these may not have the same resources as private ones. High  quality nursery education may be available although only parents with a higher income may be able to afford the extra costs than those provided by the voucher scheme. Many educational experts consider that pre school education is a vital foothold in education. If a child is unable to achieve the best possible start in education it may reflect on their educational achievement. The government’s response to this is the Sure Start scheme. Sure Start is aimed at pre school children which as well as focusing on education focuses on health. In recognizing that a child’s early years are vital to their future success, Sure Start provides better opportunities for young children. Support is also offered to parents in preparing them to assist their child to succeed. (www.homeoffice.gov.uk/ucu/suppfam.) As most parents of children living in poverty may have a limited education themselves support for parents is essential in helping their child succeed. Very early education begins in the family home through interaction, as education can break the cycle of poverty, parental education and parenting skills may be more important than economic factors. Deprivation may effect a child’s education in many ways. Children that live in poverty often live in the most deprived areas of a neighbourhood. These areas often have schools which may be at the lower end of performance league tables. League tables show that schools in areas of social housing or with high numbers of private rented accommodation perform less well than schools in more affluent areas. Schools whose pupils are mostly from large inner city council estates are often referred to as sink state schools, hardly aspiring for those pupils that attend them. As the parents or parent of these pupils have limited income they are not in the position to move to a better area which has access to a better school. If they were able to secure a place in a better performing school outside the area, they may be unable to afford the traveling expenses. Families with higher incomes are able to move into catchment areas of the better schools. Parents are often willing to pay more to live near a high achieving school. (Gibbons and Machin, 2000) Selective education is available in Britain, although most of this is in fee-paying Independent schools. Others are known as ‘grant maintained schools’, and they may use their own methods of selection. This often excludes children from low income families and particularly those from the  worst areas. School performance League table’s 2000 show that the top one hundred schools for GCSE results were either Independent or Selective, with just one exception, Thomas Telford School that is comprehensive. [Education league tables 2000 D.f.E.E.] Reports show that attainment varies according to the socio-economic backgrounds of children. In 1998, only 45 per cent of 11 year-olds in schools with high numbers on free school meals reached the Government’s attainment targets in English and Maths, whilst more than 60 per cent reached that target in other schools. (Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion, 1999, p.26) The government has introduced some policies in education to help reduce inequality. These include Education Action Zones; these were established in areas of high deprivation. Along with money from private-sector sponsors and government they can attract better teachers through higher salaries. Homework clubs are set up, enabling pupils a quite place to study and the necessary resources. (Haralambos and Holbrn 2000) Barnardos an organization that works with children recognise the link between educational attainment and poverty. Currently they are involved in various projects with children from deprived families; one of these is setting up homework clubs in schools and libraries around the country. Children from low income families may not have access to books in the home or educational toys. A quiet place to do homework or studying may be unavailable. Family visits to museums and other places of educational interest may be unavailable in households of low income. These types of visits encourage and motivate children to succeed. Public libraries can provide a valuable resource in assisting a child’s learning. As well as providing free access to books many hold reading hours and various forms of fun learning. Computers are now widely available for free use in many public libraries with access to the internet. As computers are now widely used in schools, having access to one at home would certainly improve a child’s ability in school. Pupils from low income families are less likely to have access to a computer in the home. When online resources are available in school they may also be less able to make use of them than pupils who have experience of using the internet at home. The government did introduce a scheme for poorer families, enabling them to purchase recycled computer at low cost, however this never got further than a pilot scheme amid allegations of poor management. Financial problems may increase stress amongst parents which may reduce their ability to assist in adequate educational support. Parental stress has been identified as a factor towards truancy. It maybe considered that certain background characteristics are linked with truancy. Children are more likely to truant if they are from low income families, live in social housing or live with only one or neither parent. (Casey and Smith 1995) Research carried out at Cambridge Universityestablished a link between truancy and poverty in primary school children. The study looked statistics on truancy in London boroughs between 1997 and 2000. Council education welfare officers and 98 parents on low incomes were also interviewed. Researcher Ming Zhang says the parents who were questioned said they sometimes forget about their younger children’s schooling when they hit financial trouble. ‘For many people this may be a bizarre excuse for primary school children not to attend school. Yet for families facing financial difficulties, the problem is real.’ As these primary school children progress to secondary school bad habits have already set in. The study also considered attitudes among education welfare officers and parents. Both agreed that the blame lay with irresponsible parents. They did not link between poverty and truancy amongst primary school pupils. [www.news.bbc.co.uk/education] Although this research suggests there is no link between poverty and truancy, forgetting to send a child to school because of financial worries may be considered as a link. At present the education authorities can be seen to be tackling truancy, however this is mainly aimed at secondary school pupils. LEA’s are taking action against persistent truants and educational welfare  officers are visiting the homes of absent pupils. Connexions is another government initiative aimed at helping young people. Connexions provides a personal advisor for all 13 to 19 year olds, their aim is to keep young people in education, work on truancy and improve educational achievements. As well as providing career advice and other services they try to encourage school leavers into further education. Children from low income families leave full time education earlier and with fewer formal qualifications than those from higher income families. Only 14 per cent of young people from lower income backgrounds go into higher education. At a time when the government is encouraging all school leavers to go into further education, then onto higher education this may be seen as an issue for concern. In September 2001, The Excellence Challenge was introduced; this is a three year programme. The key purpose is to improve links between schools, colleges and universities, over 190 million pounds has been committed to increase the number of young people from poorer backgrounds who apply and enter higher education. (www.dfes.gov.uk) Schools in poorer areas are disadvantaged when they need to fundraise to provide more resources. A report published in May 2000 by the research charity Directory for Social Change claims that rich and poor schools are drifting further apart. Schools in deprived parts of the country are up to 500,000 worse off than those in well-to-do areas because they are unable to compete in fundraising stakes. Eighty per cent of state primary schools held fundraising events to buy books. While one in five schools generated less than 1000 a year in donations, one per cent got over 25,000. Five per cent of secondary schools got less than 1000 per year while three per cent received more than 250,000 in donations. The report described parental donations as a hidden fault line that is widening into inequality of opportunity for children. The report also warns that the pursuit of cash is putting undue pressure on teachers and diverting them from teaching. [www.literacytrust.org.uk/Database/povertyupdate.html] The Joseph Rowntree Foundation has said that the number of pupils leaving school without basic qualifications has decreased. In 2001, a quarter of GCSE students failed to pass any subject with grades A-C compared with a third ten years previously. Similarly, one in four 11 year olds failed to achieve target level 4 in English in 2001 compared with more than four out of ten in 1996. The improvement in primary schools serving high proportions of low income children was at least as good as the national average. In considering the evidence it may be concluded that low educational attainment is correlated to poverty. Education may be a route out of poverty but it appears not everybody has the same opportunities. Research does show that with the help of pre- school nurseries, Sure Start, the Education Action Zones and the Excellence Challenge progress can be made in alleviating inequalities in education. BIBLIOGRAPHY Casey, B. and Smith, D. (1995) Truancy and Youth Transitions, England and Wales Youth Cohort Study, London: Policy Studies Institute. Davis, N. (2000) The School Report: Why Britain’s Schools Are Failing. Vintage Haralambos and Holborn. (2000) Sociology Themes and Perspectives. London: HarperCollins. Howarth, C, et al. (1999) Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Young, P. (2000) Mastering Social Welfare. Macmillan Press. The Guardian, August 9th 2002 Education League Tables. D.f.E.E. www.dfes.gov.uk www.homeoffice.go.uk/ucu/suppfam. www.literacytrust.org.uk/Database/povertyupdate. www.news.bbc.co.uk/education.

Free Essays on O Sweet Spontaneous - Linguistic Analysis Of Poem By Ee Cummings

do not necessarily bring a new par... Free Essays on O Sweet Spontaneous - Linguistic Analysis Of Poem By Ee Cummings Free Essays on O Sweet Spontaneous - Linguistic Analysis Of Poem By Ee Cummings American Literature 1865-Present O sweet spontaneous In stark contrast of style, e e cummings’ poetry rejected most rules of English grammar. Cummings used word positioning in conjunction with other grammatical idiosyncrasies to express his ideas about the celebration of individualism, love and the essence of spring. Other quirks would include using desired capitalization rather than when appropriate, â€Å"incorrect† use of parenthesis and other punctuation. Cummings’ modernism and artistic experimentalism culminated in a radical poetic language and he created an eccentric style. Although cummings’ poetry can be a difficult read as he writes for a sophisticated audience, his writing is readable through in-depth analysis, thereby creating work that is critically interesting and satisfying to the reader. In the analysis of the poem â€Å"O sweet spontaneous† cummings speaks of his love of Mother Earth, and he also displays his disdain of humanity. He writes that although humankind performs scientific research, pollutes the earth, and even tries to destroy her, she responds to the abuses with the greatest strength and gift of all, life. His poetic and linguistic techniques make this poem flow as it shapes the images that cummings wants the reader to mentally see and spiritually feel. Using poetic literary features of alliteration and assonance, and modifiers, cummings draws the reader a dark picture of humanity as he presents his unique view of the earth. The effect of numerous devices demonstrates his linguistic capability creating precision, invention, and deliberation. O sweet spontaneous offers two specific graphological features, the consistent use of the non-capital letters (common in cummings’ poetry), with the exception of the first letter - actually used as a word, and the olde English use. Cummings’ use of deep spacing between the stanzas and the indention of words do not necessarily bring a new par...

Free Essays on Dentistry

Dentistry Introduction thesis statement. My term paper is on the career of a dentist .A dentist is a medical professional who specializes in the care of teeth, gums, and mouths. Some dentist's make dentures for people with out teeth. Their are many ,many kinds of dentist's. For example their is a dental assistant, a dental hygienists, a oral surgeon, also a dental laboratory technician. These career's are just some in the world of dentistry. By doing this research I believe my research will show. What a dental assistant, dental hygienists, orthodontists, oral surgeon, and dental laboratory technicians dose. Like for example what do they do , what is their salary, their nature of their work, and the education needed to become one of these people. The thing you need to know before you become any kind of a dentist. I choose to do my term paper on dentistry because when I grow up I want to become a dentist. My aunt's and uncle's are all dentists and I want to know what they do for a living. My a unt's and uncle's worked very hard to get to where they are and they are very proud of themselves. And I thought it would be interesting to learn about dentist's. The things that I already know about my topic dentistry is that there are a lot of other fields in this particular topic. For example there's a dental laboratory technician, a dental assistant, dental hygienists, Orthodontists, and oral surgeons. And these are just a few of the career's in dentistry. I know that the dentist works long hard hours. They have to at least finish high school. Then you go to college for four years. I also have a feel of how much a dentist makes they make 50,000 dollar's a year. But if you study hard, have a high school diploma , graduate from college, and take a lot of training your salary could be a lot more then 50,000 dollars. It would be 100,000 dollars a year. So all of that hard work and effort in school pays of. Dentist have to go throw a lot of ... Free Essays on Dentistry Free Essays on Dentistry Dentistry Introduction thesis statement. My term paper is on the career of a dentist .A dentist is a medical professional who specializes in the care of teeth, gums, and mouths. Some dentist's make dentures for people with out teeth. Their are many ,many kinds of dentist's. For example their is a dental assistant, a dental hygienists, a oral surgeon, also a dental laboratory technician. These career's are just some in the world of dentistry. By doing this research I believe my research will show. What a dental assistant, dental hygienists, orthodontists, oral surgeon, and dental laboratory technicians dose. Like for example what do they do , what is their salary, their nature of their work, and the education needed to become one of these people. The thing you need to know before you become any kind of a dentist. I choose to do my term paper on dentistry because when I grow up I want to become a dentist. My aunt's and uncle's are all dentists and I want to know what they do for a living. My a unt's and uncle's worked very hard to get to where they are and they are very proud of themselves. And I thought it would be interesting to learn about dentist's. The things that I already know about my topic dentistry is that there are a lot of other fields in this particular topic. For example there's a dental laboratory technician, a dental assistant, dental hygienists, Orthodontists, and oral surgeons. And these are just a few of the career's in dentistry. I know that the dentist works long hard hours. They have to at least finish high school. Then you go to college for four years. I also have a feel of how much a dentist makes they make 50,000 dollar's a year. But if you study hard, have a high school diploma , graduate from college, and take a lot of training your salary could be a lot more then 50,000 dollars. It would be 100,000 dollars a year. So all of that hard work and effort in school pays of. Dentist have to go throw a lot of ...