Light Pollution - 1702 Words

There is a growing menace in today’s society known as light pollution. Light pollution is essentially excessive light from outside lighting fixtures that is misused and causes several negative effects. This increasing and perplexing issue is often magnified by industrialization and urban development which often neglects to consider the momentous problems light pollution causes. Despite serious efforts to minimize light pollution, â€Å"†¦light pollution rises about 6% every year† (Parks 30). One should know what light pollution entails, the adverse effects and costs of light pollution, ways it can be minimized, and how to appeal to the general public to help alleviate the problem. In more complex terms, light pollution is known as obtrusive†¦show more content†¦Birds often collide with lighted buildings and veer from their migratory courses due to light pollution. Even insects are impacted from light pollution because artificial lights may cause them to stay in close proximity to that light for the whole duration of the night. An insect therefore â€Å"expends too much energy and interferes with mating and migration†¦makes them easy prey for bats†¦and impacts all species who rely on insects for food or pollination† (â€Å"Light Pollution and Wildlife†). Overall, wildlife suffers at the expense of light polluters. Light pollution has also been linked to causing negative health and safety implications for humans. Blue light strains the eye making it more difficult for one to focus on an object because blue light scatters in one’s eyes similar to how it scatters in the atmosphere (â€Å"Light Pollution and Human Health†). The types of lighting individuals expose their eyes to impacts their vision which becomes more noticeable in later years. Light pollution frequently causes â€Å"disability glare† when an individual is driving and causes temporary blindness creating a hazard for all those on the roadway. Comparable to many species ofShow MoreRelatedLight Pollution3142 Words   |  13 PagesLight pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changedRead MoreThe Problem of Light Pollution1613 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches in design reduce the problem of light pollution? Research question How can new approaches in design reduce the problem of light pollution? Background In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution. Light pollution is the pollution caused by misplaced artificial light. It is a rapidly increasing environmental problem. In the urban landscape that we live in, light pollution can have implications for the visualRead More light pollution Essay3074 Words   |  13 Pages Light pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changedRead MoreLight Pollution And The Problems It Creates1595 Words   |  7 PagesLight Pollution and the Problems it Creates Sci-fi Synopsis: The year is 2258, and in an effort to keep up with the increase in population and industrialization, artificial light has increased to the point where one can no longer tell the difference between night and day, since it is always daytime somewhere in the world. The public have long since forgotten about the sun and the stars. People must initiate certain protocols in their homes in order to gain the dark necessary for sleep. One nightRead MoreLight Pollution And Its Effects On Health1544 Words   |  7 Pages Most people have heard of air pollution, water pollution, and many kinds of pollution like them. Issues like these are covered extensively in the media and are targeted by many environmental groups. In fact, many of these issues play significant roles in political elections. Though these kinds of pollution are widely known, there is another type of pollution that receives far less attention. Few environmental groups mention it, and many members of the general public have not e ven heard of it. HoweverRead MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On Humans And The World1307 Words   |  6 PagesWhen someone thinks of pollution, they most likely think of toxins and contamination in bodies of water and in the air. While these familiar types of pollution are large problems, there is a lesser known variety of pollution involving excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive light that is just as large of an issue. This variety of pollution is called light pollution or photo pollution. The effects of light pollution on humans and the world’s various ecosystems are various and need to be realized. Read MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On The Outdoor Environment1103 Words   |  5 Pagesmisdirected, obstructive or unneeded artificial light. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide, etc. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may not be known yet. Scientific definitions thus include the following: †¢ Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light. †¢ Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources. †¢ Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (fromRead MoreLight Pollution And Its Effect On The Earth998 Words   |  4 PagesLight, is a type of wave that has electromagnetic radiation, traveling in transverse waves at a different wavelength from the sources to be visible to the human eye. With the presence of light, human could see things with the sense of sight. The light come from different sources but mainly from sunlight which enable process of photosynthesis where plants make their food and sustain life on earth. Light, is also a sign of civilization, showing the presence of human whenever light is seen from theRead MoreLight Pollution: The Dark Side of Outdoor Lighting3064 Words   |  13 Pagesall the incandescent light bulbs in your home with energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) or light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. However, you may be unwittingly contributing to carbon emissions and interfering with delicate ecosystems through light pollution. Light pollution, unlike other forms of contamination and waste, remains largely overlooked and unregulated in industrialized countries. Learn more about the cause, different types, and effects of light pollution, and how adjusting yourRead MoreLight Pollution : An Earthquake Shook Los Angeles2188 Words   |  9 PagesJoel Barnett Claudia Moura Pols 1 Dec 1, 2014 Light Pollution In 1994, an earthquake shook Los Angeles, knocking out its power and leaving its inhabitants stranded in darkness. In the hours that followed the blackout, many anxious residents called local emergency centers to report seeing a strange â€Å"giant, silvery cloud† in the dark sky. According to Terence Dickinson in his book Nightwatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, some people even believed a â€Å"sudden brightening of the stars.

Gender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay - 1811 Words

Stereotypical gender norms have had a negative impact on what our society perceives as normal tasks for female accountants. More often than not, male accountants are given more demanding tasks in comparison to their female coworkers who are equally qualified but handed less strenuous tasks. Currently, there seems to be a gap in the ratio of women to men in positions of authority. This can be a variety of reasons, one being social norms of what is expected of women in the workforce. Women are frequently paid less than men, and the accounting profession is no exception. Female achievement has exceeded expectations, in terms of education and workplace progression, yet gender inequality and discrimination in the accounting workplace is still an ongoing problem. Gender discrimination could be due to many factors. One key factor is gender norms in society. It is because these norms are incorporated with the conventional female and male stereotypes in the workforce. This can cause women to look for jobs that align with what is considered normal to society (Rao). In this day and age society questions whether a woman can do what is perceived to be a man’s job. A female partner of an accounting firm may not necessarily be normal to society. This could be due to the fact that the majority of partners are men. In the article, â€Å"Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Gender Discrimination in The Audit Profession, the authors state, â€Å"While female partners may, in fact, increaseShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen make towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This articleRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace962 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Santisha Fleming Human Resource Management Dr.Juluis Demps –Management 360 Jacksonville University April, 1, 2015â€Æ' American women can vote, hold office, and they can work in a public work environment. They are considered have an equal opportunity when compared to men. What is the true definition of equal employment opportunity? Does this mean that women and men are offered the same opportunities in the workplace? As well treated equally in regardsRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1165 Words   |  5 PagesGender discrimination in the workplace is a recurring issue in businesses today. Employees are given the right by their employers to be protected from discrimination and inequality in the workplace. In just about every business setting today, men and women work together in the same fields, jobs, and projects. However, it has only been up until (relatively) recently that men and women have been in competition for the same jobs. With the predetermined assumptions of the different roles between bothRead MoreGender Discrimination in the Workplace765 Words   |  4 Pages Gende r discrimination can cover a wide variety of social prejudice. Throughout much of world history, even American history women have been treated as second class citizens. In the United States women have had to fight for rights such as the right to vote, or own land. These are just a few examples of the many injustices that women have had to face. Men have held the position of leadership, and power throughout history when it comes to almost everything. Men would even decide to whom a womenRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace866 Words   |  4 PagesGender Discrimination in the Workplace Many people associate certain occupations with a certain gender, like women with nurses and teachers, and men with lawyers and truck drivers. If those genders and occupations switched, the majority would deem it unethical. Occupations should not be linked with specific genders; whereas, they should be accessible to both genders. In certain occupations, people are treated differently because of their gender and labeled with different stereotypes. There shouldRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Discrimination In The Workplace1867 Words   |  8 PagesDiscrimination in the workplace, specifically gender discrimination is a significant matter, impacting women all over the world. Defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 11, discrimination is ‘Any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of op portunity or treatment in employment or occupation.’. As stated by GillianRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1749 Words   |  7 PagesMatthew Anders Prof. Bross College Writing November 14, 2014 Gender Discrimination in The Workplace In recent years, the issue of gender equality in the workplace and equal pay has been under serious debate. Although there has been significant improvement since when women were first able to work and equal opportunity laws were created, there is still some room for more improvement. The federal government has made laws over the years such as The Civil Rights act, Equal Pay Act and Family andRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace2876 Words   |  12 Pageshave reached maturity, and that stereotyping and discrimination cease to exist. But it is from my own personal experience that I have found this is in fact, not the case, and that harassment in the workplace is a very real issue. Primarily, I am researching the way media portrays gender-biases in the workplace, and why they are relevant. Additionally, I am looking at which occupations might lead to higher levels of emotional stress related to gender inequality for women, and to what historical eventsRead MoreGender Dis crimination And The Workplace1835 Words   |  8 PagesGender Discrimination There are many things that a potential employee has to worry about when considering taking a position within a company. Things like the amount of pay they need, the benefits that will be offered to them, the values and morals of the company and whether or not those values and morals align with their own, and if they could see themselves growing within this company throughout the years because no one wants to work a dead end job for the rest of their life. However, along with

Death Penalty Essay Pro Example For Students

Death Penalty Essay Pro The expression an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth has taken on a whole newmeaning. Lately, murderers have been getting a punishment equal to their crime,death. In 1967, executions in the United States were temporarily suspended togive the federal appellate courts time to decide whether or not the deathpenalty was unconstitutional. Then, in 1972, the United States Supreme Courtruled in the case of Furman versus Georgia that the death penalty violatedthe Eight Amendments. According to the Eighth Amendment, Excessive bail shallnot be required, no excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishmentsinflicted. After the Supreme Court made this ruling, states reviewed theirdeath penalty laws. In 1976, in the case of Gregg versus Georgia the SupremeCourt ruled state death penalty laws were not unconstitutional. Presently inthe United States the death penalty can only be used as punishment forintentional killing. Still, the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment andshould be ou tlawed in the United States. Currently in the United States there are five methods used for executingcriminals: the electric chair, gas chamber, lethal injection, hanging, andfiring squad, each of them equally cruel and unusual in there own ways. When a person is sentenced to death by electrocution he strapped to achair and electrodes are attached to his head and leg. The amount of voltage israised and lowered a few times and death is supposed to occur within threeminutes. Three whole minutes with electricity flowing through someones body,while his flesh burns. Three minutes may not seem like a very long time, but tosomeone who is waiting for his body to die, three minutes can feel like aneternity. Three minutes is the approximate time it takes for a person to die ifeverything goes right, but in some cases it takes longer for people to die. In1990, Jesse Tafero, a prisoner in Florida, remained conscious for four minuteswhile witnesses watched ashes fall from his head. In Georgia in 1984, it tooknearly twenty minutes for Alpha Otis Stephens to die. At 12:18 am on December12, he was shocked with electricity for two minutes, and his body still showedsigns of life. The doctors had to wait six minutes to examine his body becauseit was too hot to touch. Stephens was still alive, so he was electrocuted foranother two minutes. Finally at 12:37 am doctors pronounced him dead. When a person is executed in the gas chamber he is strapped to a chairin an airtight room. A cyanide pellet is dropped in sulfuric acid, which formsa lethal gas. The prisoner remains conscious for a few minutes while strugglingto breath. These gas chambers are similar to the ones used by the Nazis inWorld War II concentration camps. Fifty years ago, America was quick to condemnthe Germans for persecuting Jews, but, today, in 1996 Americans execute theirown people the exact same way. Lethal injection is the newest form of execution in the United States. The person being executed is injected with a deadly dose of barbiturates throughan intravenous tube in his arm. This method is considered the most humane andefficient way of execution, but a federal judge noted that a slight error indosage or administration can leave a prisoner conscious but paralyzed whiledying, a sentient witness of his or her own asphyxiation. Since 1985 therehave been three botched injections in Texas alone. In one case it took 24minutes to kill a criminal because the tube leaked and sprayed the chemicalstowards the witnesses. In 1989, too weak a dosage of drugs caused Stephen McCoyto choke and heave for several minutes before he died. .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .postImageUrl , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:hover , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:visited , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:active { border:0!important; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:active , .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30 .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56fb823cc73abfae6e29fc107e28cd30:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet8217s Soliloquies EssayHanging used to be the most common way to execute a person, but now itis only used in Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, and Washington. Hanging isnot a very useful way of execution, because if the drop is too short the personbeing executed dies through gradual strangulation and if the rope is too longthe persons head is ripped off. There is no punishment more unusual thenhaving your head ripped off, so the death penalty is in direct violation withthe Constitution. When someone is executed by a firing squad he is strapped to a chair andhas a target attached to his chest. Then five marksmen aim for the target andfire. Having people being paid to shot at a target on someones chest is notonly cruel, but humiliating for the person being executed. The death penalty by itself is a cruel and unusual punishment, but thetreatment of prisoners before being executed is also cruel and unusual. InAugust 1995 Robert Breechen was scheduled to be executed in Oklahoma. Heattempted to commit suicide, but authorities revived him, then executed himhours later. In Illinois last November, the state gave death row inmate Johndel Vecchio two heart surgeries and then executed him in December. RichardTowns execution in Virginia was delayed for twenty two minutes while theylooked for a vein to inject. The death penalty is the ultimate form of punishment, because there isno way to reverse its effects. It will end up taking the lives of innocentvictims as long as there is fault in the justice system. The death penaltycontradicts the whole idea of human rights. Human rights are significantbecause some means may never be used to protect society because their useviolates the values that make society worth protecting. From this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery ofdeath.I feel morally and intellectually obligated simply to concede that thedeath penalty experiment has failed. It is virtually self-evident to me nowthat no combination of procedural rules or substantive regulations ever can savethe death penalty from its inherent constitutional deficiencies. JusticeHarry Blackmun. Supporters of the death penalty believe that the death penalty helpskeep the crime and murder rate down, but that is not so. States with deathpenalty laws do not have lower crime or rates than states that with deathpenalty laws. Also, by incarcerating criminals for life, instead of executingthem, it makes them think about what they did and forces them to live with theconsequences of their actions. The death penalty violates our constitutional rights and should be madeillegal. It directly contradicts the Eighth Amendment, which forbids cruel andunusual punishment. If the death penalty is not cruel and unusual punishmentthen what is? Is there possibly anything more cruel then dying a slow deathwhile breathing in lethal fumes, or anything more unusual then watching peoplewho are paid to shoot at the target on your chest? The Bill of Rights wasestablished to protect the rights of the people and now Americans are takingaway these rights from their own countrymen. Category: Law

IT Infrastructure Management PG

Question: Discuss about the IT Infrastructure Management PG. Answer: KPIs why important? According to Wu (2012), Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a matric of business used to evaluate factors that are crucial to the success of an organization. KPIs differ per organization; business KPIs may be net revenue or a customer loyalty metric, while government might consider unemployment rates. KPI is used in business intelligence In order to analyse the present business trend and give advice for tactical course of actions. It must have a predefined organizational process and clear business objectives to meet the process. It is an active approach to find enterprise variances. Business intelligence (BI) As Chen et al. (2012) mentioned that, Business intelligence is a set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It has been found that Business intelligence is capable to handle enormous amount of structured and unstructured data to recognise or develop new business opportunities. Common functions of Business intelligence technologies are such as data mining, business performance management, process mining, complex event processing, text mining, benchmarking and predictive analysis. IT Agility According to Gligor and Holcomb (2012), Agility is the term used in business in order to describe how fast a business can respond to the existing opportunity and threats. IT Agility is how IT will enable business agility, how fast IT will deliver the required effectively and efficiency. IT Agility is the measure of capability to act, recognise and take benefit from changing business circumstances. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a planning method that can help to evaluate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of business entity or a project (Sevkli et al., 2012). SWOT analysis can be conducted for a place, industry, company or person. It helps to specify the objective of a business venture. It also helps to recognise the internal; and external factors of the business entity that help to achieve the objectives (Sevkli et al., 2012). It also helps to analyse the degree to which the internal environment of the firm matches with the external environment. Strategic planning According to Smith (2012), Strategic planning is an organizational management activity which helps to set priorities and aligning resources with business operation. It also helps to make sure that stakeholders and employees work towards the common goal. As Smith (2012) stated that strategic planning is a disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that gives shapes to an organization. It decides what an organization is all about, what it offers, why it offers that, who it serves. Enterprise architecture According to Bernard (2012), Enterprise Architecture is a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes. It is responsible for performing the analysis on business structure and process. It also helps to draw conclusion form the gathered information. Management information systems Management information system concentrates on managing information in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness of strategic decision-making process. As Motro and Smets (2012) stated that, the concept of Management information system (MIS) may include term like expert system, decision support system and executive information system. All these terms have connection with other areas like information technology, e-commerce, information systems, informatics and computer science. Management information system studies organizations, people, technology and the relationships among them. DSS As Bright et al. (2012) mentioned that, Decision Support System (DSS) is computer based information system that enhance the decision making system of an organization. Bright et al. (2012) stated that DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advanced such as Unstructured and Semi-Structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human-powered or a combination of both. Cloud infrastructure According to Nez et al. (2012), Cloud infrastructure is the hardwareandsoftware components such asservers,storage, networking andvirtualizationsoftware that are needed to support the computing requirements of acloud computingmodel. In addition, cloud infrastructures include a software abstraction layer that virtualizes resources and logically presents them to users through programmatic means. Data and text mining As Chen et al. (2012) mentioned that data mining is interdisciplinary field of computer science. Data mining is the computational process involving a large data set at the intersection of database, machine learning, artificial intelligence and statistics. Text mining is also known as text data mining. As Nez et al. (2012) stated that text mining is referred as the process of driving high quality information from text. High quality information can be derived by devising statistical mean and pattern such statistical pattern learning. DMS Data Management System can be defined as the collection of data from multiple sources organised for sharing, distribution, sharing and subnetting. As Chen et al. (2012) stated that, generally Data Management System is found in the form of spoke and hub architecture. There are various products that promote themselves as the part of data management system. They are such as Datamarket, Dataverse, Windows Azure marketplace, Factual. Timeliness, quality, security, scalability and data modelling are the key characteristics of Data Management System. Big data As Chen et al. (2012) stated that, Big data is term use for data sets, which are so large that traditional data processing applications are unable to handle them. There are certain challenges included with Bid Data. They are such as storage, sharing, analysis, data duration, information privacy querying. It has been found that accuracy of big data leads to more confident data decision making. It has been found that better decisions leads to better operational efficiency, reduction of costs and risks. What is meant by the Internet of Things what business value does it create? As Miorandi et al. (2012) stated that, Internet of Things is the network of physical devices, building, vehicles and other device that are embedded with sensors, software, network connectivity and actuators that helps these objects to collect and exchange important data. IoT had been described by the Global Standard initiative as the infrastructure of the information society. It allows objects to be controlled and sensed remotely across the present network infrastructure. As Bonomi et al. (2012) stated that, it provides the opportunity to develop direct integration of the physical world into the computer based system. In the sense of IoT, Things can be referred as the large verity of devices like biochip transponders for firm animal, automobiles with built-in sensors and heart monitoring implants. It is also used for DNA analysis for food and environmental monitoring. According to Miorandi et al. (2012), Things can be describes as the inextricable mixture of software and hardware. It has been found that these devices can help to collect useful data with the help of existing technologies. After that, the data flow autonomously between other devices. Smart thermostat systems and dryers and washers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring system are the example of IoT. Creating business values It helps to seamlessly optimise the resources of an organization. IoT helps to develop connectivity between the software of labour management, plant production levels and virtual employee communities. It helps to deliver comprehensive data with the help of remote devices. It helps to improve resource handling capacity of the device. It provides valuable insight across the product life cycle. With the help of IoT, management of an organization can develop engagement analytics that can provide new product development opportunity to that organization. It can create value for the customers by linking them with the webpage. It helps to create brand loyalty by meeting the needs and desires of customers. Conduct a brief research to discuss and contrast between 4G and 5G Networks. As Qiao et al. (2015) stated that, mobile network technology is moving at an insistent pace. It has been fund that there are two major industry juggernauts, which control the present mobile technology. They are the 4G or Fourth generation wireless and 5G or Fifth Generation wireless technology. Android developers take a close look to both the technologies and try to find out where these technologies intersect. Many researchers also try to find out whether they have clear distinctions or not. The research executive of Ericsson Magnus Frodigh mentioned that, the generation game not only keeps the innovation spirit alive, it also earns the wireless industry precious marketing mileage that would otherwise take billions of dollars. Anatomy of 4G As Ratasuk et al. (2015) stated that, 4G is also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. 4G wireless technology is the evolution of the existing 3G technology. It has been found that there are two major technologies that enable LTE technology to gain higher data rate than 3G standard. They are OFDM and MIMO. It has been found that Orthogonal Frequency Davison Multiples (OFDM) is a technique of transmission that utilises an enormous amount of closely spaced carriers, which are modulated for low data rates. It provides a spectral scheme of efficiency that provide high data rate. It gives users the permission to share a common channel. On the other hand, Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique helps to improve the spectral efficiency and data throughput with the help of multiple antennas at the receiver and transmitter. As Ratasuk et al. (2015) stated that it uses complex digital signal processing to develop multiple data streams on the same channel. Enter the 5G According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN), 5G is defined as: 5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation toward customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases delivered with consistent experience and enabled by sustainable business models. The 5G technology has raised the bar to Massive MIMO technology. This technology uses a large array of radiating materials the antenna matrix to a new level 16x16 to 156x156 MIMO. The major goals of 5G technologies are like: Increasing the capacity 1000 times It supports more than 100 billion connections It gives up to 10 Gbps speed Characteristics 4G 5G Technology It is a combination of LAN/WAN/PAN It is a combination of technologies such as 2G, 3G, LTE, LEE-A, M2M and Wi-Fi. Data Rate Up to 20Mbps Up to 1Gbps Switching Circuit switching and packet switching Circuit switching and packet switching Communication It uses Machine Type Communications (MTC) for the LOT traffic. 5G technology is being designed from grounds up to support MTC like devices. Figure 1: Differences between 4G and 5G technology (Source: Qiao et al., 2015) Overall e-health perspective As Benjamin et al. (2015) stated that, E- Medicine is the clinical medical knowledge base, which was founded by two doctors Richard Lavely and Scott Plantz in the year of 1996. The E- Medicine website consists of more than 6,800 articles. As Ring and Ammer (2015) stated that each of these articles are associated with anyone of the 62 subspecialty textbooks. For instance, it consists of 14 subspecialty textbooks for Pediatrics. Genetics, Cardiology, endocrinology and pulmonology are the part of these subspecialty textbooks. E-Medicine comprises of 750 articles on e-medicine. As Ring and Ammer (2015) stated that, each of these articles are written by authored certified specialist in the subspecialty in which the article belongs. Each article that belongs in the E-medicine is updated on the date of its publication. Pros and Cons for E-Medicine Advantages E-Medicine is recognised as the most referenced sources (84%) among specialists (Benjamin et al., 2015). The incidence of error and omission per article is half for E-Medicine (0.42) in comparison to MedlinePlus (0.98). It is also very useful for cancer research work. In the year of 2007, it is ranked as the second highest internet based source of information for paediatric neuro-oncology. E-Medicine provides different health related news to consumer on variety of subjects like public health perspectives, information on latest epidemics and health information on travelling abroad. It also provides information about healthy living. It consists of an extensive library of patient education articles (Ring Ammer, 2015). Disadvantages As Benjamin et al. (2015) argued that the quality of online information fluctuates significantly in E-Medicine. It has been found that the rate of fluctuation is from 46% to 84% in comparison with the current text books of medicines. However, e-medicine has some challenges related with reading and navigation procedure as well. The main components of the E- Medicine E-Medicine is actually conceived in 1996 named as Emergency medicine textbook. Since then, its content has expanded considerably. It includes various topic such as critical care, cardiology, clinical procedures, allergy, immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, nephrology, infectious diseases, pathology, oncology, physical medicine, preoperative care, rehabilitation, radiology, psychiatry, sports medicine and rheumatology (Ring Ammer, 2015). There are various surgical subspecialties are included in the E-Medicine. They are such as plastic surgery orthopaedic surgery, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, transplantation, thoracic surgery, urology, trauma and vascular surgery. Conclusion It has been found that E-Medicine is one of the most frequently used source of medical information in internet. It has been found that user friendliness and accuracy are the are two major reasons that makes it the most frequently referenced internet sources. It has been found that there are more than 10,000 contributors form various countries helped to create all these articles. It can be operated as an e-book and can be downloaded into smart phones, P.C. or tablets. It includes various topics such as critical care, cardiology, clinical procedures, allergy, immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, nephrology, infectious diseases, pathology. User friendliness and accuracy makes it more popular among health specialists. However, it has some issues related with the quality of information and navigation system. References Benjamin, I., Griggs, R. C., Wing, E. J., Fitz, J. G. (2015).Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bernard, S. A. (2012).An introduction to enterprise architecture. AuthorHouse. Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S. (2012). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. InProceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing(pp. 13-16). ACM. Bright, T. J., Wong, A., Dhurjati, R., Bristow, E., Bastian, L., Coeytaux, R. R., ... Wing, L. (2012). 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